Participatory governance has become one of the most significant approaches to governance and public decision-making over the past two decades, particularly in relation to strategic and fundamental decisions. It emphasizes the active involvement of stakeholders, social groups, experts, elites, and other influential actors in policymaking and governance processes. While such participation can enhance the quality, legitimacy, and acceptance of decisions, it may also create significant challenges if it is not properly designed and managed. Stakeholder groups may prioritize their particular interests over the public good, while non-expert actors with greater access to public opinion or media may exert disproportionate influence on specialized and strategic decisions. Consequently, participatory governance requires a careful balance between broad societal participation and
expert, responsible decision-making. The quality of policy implementation is also closely linked to the degree of stakeholder
participation and cooperation. Even well-designed decisions may encounter resistance or limited cooperation if stakeholders have not been meaningfully involved in the decision- making process. Therefore, participation should be considered not only a mechanism for improving decision quality but also a prerequisite for effective policy implementation. Achieving this balance requires empowerment at different levels of society