فصلنامه علمی دانش حکمرانی

فصلنامه علمی دانش حکمرانی

بررسی نقش داده‌کاوی در تقویت سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری: تحلیل کارکردها و پیامدها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده جامعه و اطلاعات، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، پژوهشکده فناوری اطلاعات، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در دنیای پیچیده و پرسرعت امروزی، سیاست‌گذاری مؤثر در حوزه‌های علم، فناوری و نوآوری به یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها و نیازهای کشورهای مختلف تبدیل شده است. با توجه به حجم عظیم داده‌های موجود و تنوع آن‌ها، بهره‌گیری از این اطلاعات برای اتخاذ تصمیمات دقیق و کارآمد اهمیت بسیاری پیدا کرده است. در این زمینه، داده‌کاوی به عنوان ابزاری نوین و کارآمد، قابلیت‌های بی‌نظیری در تحلیل، پیش‌بینی و ارزیابی سیاست‌ها دارد و می‌تواند به سیاست‌گذاران در بهبود فرآیند تصمیم‌گیری کمک کند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی و تبیین نقش‌ها و کارکردهای داده‌کاوی در فرآیند سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری است. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، از روش مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات، تحلیل مضمون، و روش مقایسه مداوم بهره گرفته شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که داده‌کاوی پنج کارکرد کلیدی در سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری دارد که عبارتند از: «تحلیل روند و پیش‌بینی آینده»، «بررسی پیامدها و سنجش اثربخشی سیاست‌ها»، «پیش‌بینی و مدیریت ریسک‌های احتمالی»، «اولویت‌بندی و بهینه‌سازی تخصیص منابع»، و «پشتیبانی از تصمیم‌گیری از طریق ارزیابی سناریوهای جایگزین». این کارکردها می‌توانند به سیاست‌گذاران کمک کنند تا با استفاده از داده‌های واقعی و تحلیل دقیق، تصمیمات بهتری اتخاذ کنند. این پژوهش با معرفی کاربردهای داده‌کاوی در تمامی مراحل سیاست‌گذاری، از شناسایی و تشخیص مسئله تا تدوین، اجرا و ارزیابی سیاست‌ها، بینش‌های جدیدی برای بهبود فرآیندهای سیاست‌گذاری ارائه می‌دهد. همچنین، نتایج می‌تواند به توسعه سیاست‌های مبتنی بر شواهد در حوزه‌های علم، فناوری و نوآوری کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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