One of the dichotomies discussed among governance and policy experts is models based on centralization versus decentralized models. Some experts emphasize models based on centralization in governance. Most of these experts emphasize centralization in governance and policymaking and decentralization in implementation. In this model, experts emphasize the importance of maintaining integrity in governance components and emphasize increasing productivity from the perspective of centralized policies. However, experts, on the other hand, emphasize decentralized models. Among these experts, we can mention supporters of regional governance models. The supporters of this model are more in large countries. Supporters of this model point to the fact that environmental, economic, social, cultural and political variations lead to different decisions in the field of governance and centralized governance cannot understand and apply this volume of complexity. In these models, attention to the competitive and relative characteristics of regions is important and they suggest innovation at the governance level in accordance with the characteristics of the region. In both models, successful examples can be identified. It seems that what is important is to correctly identify the fact that which model can be more suitable for each country, considering the extent and capacity of governance. In Iran, the history of this issue also goes back to before the Islamic Revolution. After the Islamic Revolution, this issue has been a point of disagreement in the governance models of governments since the beginning of development programs. In recent years, this debate has been raised more seriously in the form of concepts such as spatial planning and devolution of powers to provinces by rulers. It seems that the governance structure of the country requires thoughtful thinking and dialogue to identify the optimal governance model based on centralization or decentralization, so that it can regulate its executive mechanisms accordingly.